Kapabilitas Digital dan Profitabilitas Bank: Apakah Efisiensi Operasional Merupakan Faktor Kunci?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35591/wahana.v29i2.1005Keywords:
Digital Capability, Profitability, Operational Efficiency, BOPO, Return on AssetsAbstract
This study aims to examine the effect of digital capability, measured by the Digital Capability Index (DCI) on bank profitability, proxied by Return on Assets (ROA) with operational efficiency, measured by the Operating Expenses to Operating Income ratio (BOPO), serving as a mediating variable. The research covers conventional banks that have adopted digital technologies in part of their operations as well as fully digital banks operating in Indonesia. The study employs a quantitative research approach using panel data analysis with the Random Effects Model (REM). The data consist of secondary data obtained from banks' financial statements. The analytical techniques include correlation analysis, panel data regression, and mediation analysis. In addition, a robustness test was conducted by separating the sample into two groups: conventional banks and digital banks. The results indicate that digital capability has no direct effect on profitability after the mediating variable is incorporated into the model. Operational efficiency, measured by BOPO, has a significant negative effect on profitability and acts as a mediator in the relationship between digital capability and profitability. In the pooled model, BOPO serves as a full mediator, whereas it functions as a partial mediator in conventional banks. For digital banks, digital capability does not have a significant effect on profitability; however, operational efficiency remains the dominant determinant of financial performance. These findings suggest that digital transformation in the Indonesian banking industry is still predominantly characterized by a cost effect, limiting its ability to enhance financial performance optimally. Therefore, improving operational efficiency is the key factor in ensuring the successful implementation of digital transformation.
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